Here is a list of resource to learn and build blockchains in PHP.
General · 1 min read
Articles
page 1 / 41
ZKsyncAdvancedzksolc compiles to EraVM, not the EVM: CREATE/CREATE2 addresses differ, factories need known bytecode, every account is a smart account, pubdata changes gas, and the 2300-gas .transfer stipend can fail.
#account-abstraction#scaling#solidity
TezosBeginnerTezos bakers vote on protocol upgrades on-chain, weighted by stake, through proposal, exploration, cooldown, promotion and adoption periods. Once approved, every node switches automatically, so the chain doesn't split.
#consensus#governance#staking
EthereumBeginnerEtherscan recompiles your source and compares bytecode. Verify with forge --verify or hardhat verify and a V2 API key; mismatches come from compiler version, optimizer, viaIR, EVM version, constructor args or paths.
#dev-tools#smart-contracts#troubleshooting
FilecoinIntermediateProviders seal data into sectors, prove it once with PoRep and then daily with WindowPoSt, backed by slashable FIL collateral. Proofs cover storage, not retrieval; use an onramp unless you have large data and DataCap.
#consensus#cryptography#storage
MoneroIntermediateRing signatures (CLSAG, 16 members) hide which output is spent, one-time addresses hide the receiver, and RingCT commitments with Bulletproofs+ hide amounts. Metadata, timing and exchanges still leak.
#cryptography#privacy#transactions
StarknetIntermediateCairo compiles to Sierra and CASM, uses felt252 plus checked integers, stores state in Map, makes every account a contract, and has no msg.value: ETH and STRK are ERC-20s. Build with Scarb and snforge.
#account-abstraction#dev-tools#smart-contracts
LitecoinBeginnerLitecoin is Bitcoin's code with Scrypt proof of work, 2.5-minute blocks and an 84M supply, plus opt-in MWEB privacy and its own address prefixes (L, M, ltc1). Confirmations, fees and libraries need small adjustments.
#basics#mining#privacy
SuiIntermediateMove treats assets as typed resources that can't be copied or dropped, stores state with owners instead of in contract mappings, uses signers and capabilities for access control, and avoids classic reentrancy.
#move#security#smart-contracts
EthereumIntermediateMEV is profit from ordering transactions. A sandwich attack front-runs and back-runs a public swap, capped by its slippage. Use tight minimum outputs from fresh quotes and private RPCs.
#defi#mev#security
EthereumIntermediateApprove is safe; unlimited, forgotten allowances and unread permit signatures are not. Approve exact amounts, use permit with short deadlines, read every typed-data signature, and revoke old approvals.
#security#tokens#wallets
BaseIntermediateERC-4337 makes user accounts smart contracts via UserOperations, bundlers, an EntryPoint and paymasters, enabling batching, gas sponsorship and recovery. EIP-7702 lets existing EOAs delegate to such code.
#account-abstraction#smart-contracts#wallets
GeneralIntermediateA bridge is only as safe as whatever verifies cross-chain messages. Most major hacks came from stolen validator keys, verification bugs, or bad upgrades, not the chains themselves.
#bridges#security
