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ScrollIntermediateThey rank how closely a zkEVM matches Ethereum: type 1 changes nothing, type 2 swaps data structures, 2.5 reprices gas, 3 drops features like precompiles, and type 4 only compiles the same Solidity to another VM.
#scaling#smart-contracts#solidity
SeiIntermediateSei executes a block's transactions in parallel, tracks what each one read and wrote, and re-executes any that conflict, so results match serial order. Contracts need no changes, but shared hot storage slots still serialize.
#consensus#performance#scaling
FlowIntermediateCollection nodes batch, consensus orders, a few heavy execution nodes run transactions and many light verifiers check chunks. Cadence resources are typed assets that can't be copied or lost, guarded by entitlements.
#consensus#nodes#scaling
InjectiveIntermediateInjective's exchange module matches orders once per block. New orders on the same side clear at one uniform price, so a transaction's position in the block doesn't matter and sandwiches have nothing to capture.
#defi#mev#security
LineaIntermediateDeposits are anchored on Linea within minutes. Withdrawals wait until a proof covering them is finalized on Ethereum, then need a separate L1 claim. Fast bridges skip the wait by adding trust.
#bridges#scaling#transactions
SolanaIntermediateThe priority fee is CU limit × CU price in micro-lamports, on top of 5,000 lamports per signature. Simulate to size the limit, price from recent fees on the accounts you write, and never request 1.4M by default.
#gas-&-fees#performance#transactions
KaspaIntermediateEach Kaspa block references every tip it sees, so parallel blocks are merged, not orphaned. GHOSTDAG colours well-connected blocks blue and orders the DAG, supporting 10 PoW blocks per second since Crescendo.
#consensus#mining#scaling
CelestiaIntermediateA DA layer guarantees rollup data was published. Celestia erasure-codes blocks into a 2D square, so light nodes sampling a few random shares catch withholding; fraud proofs catch bad encoding.
#cryptography#nodes#scaling
BitcoinIntermediateOrdinals number every sat and track it first-in-first-out; inscriptions put files in Taproot witness data on a sat; Runes are UTXO-based tokens in OP_RETURN. Indexers, not nodes, interpret all of them.
#nfts#tokens#transactions
HyperliquidIntermediateHyperliquid builds the exchange into the chain: HyperCore runs order books, margin, liquidations and the HLP vault as native logic under HotStuff-style HyperBFT, with HyperEVM alongside under the same consensus.
#consensus#defi#performance
StacksIntermediateStacks miners spend BTC that goes to STX stackers, Clarity contracts can read Bitcoin state, and Nakamoto added fast blocks with Bitcoin finality. sBTC is a 1:1 BTC-backed token secured by a threshold signer set.
#bridges#consensus#smart-contracts
